利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术观察同源四倍体双胚苗水稻的胚胎学特征

利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术对同源四倍体双胚苗水稻的受精过程、胚胎发育过程和双胚来源进行观察鉴定。研究结果表明,同源四倍体水稻和二倍体水稻在发生受精作用的时间上不存在很大的差异。双胚苗水稻的受精作用和胚胎发育表现出明显的特异性,其双胚苗性状有其胚胎学根源,双胚可能有4种来源,即来源于由双套胚囊形成的双胚、由多卵卵器中的卵细胞和类卵细胞分别通过受精作用形成双胚、由特异性的反足细胞通过异常发育后形成额外的幼胚、由胚乳细胞通过异常发育后形成胚乳型幼胚。通过对试验材料的受精频率及其结实率进行比较后发现,双胚苗水稻具有更弱的有性生殖能力,其遗传可塑性更强,这为离子束介导技术的研究找到了比较好的受体材料。

Observing Characteristics of Reproductive Development of Autotetraploid Rice with Twin-embryo Seedlings by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy Technique

Fertilization,embryo development and origin of twin-embryo of autotetraploid rice with twin-embryo seedlings(ARTS) were observed and verified.The research results showed that there were no big difference in the time of beginning fertilization between autotetraploid and diploid rice.ARTS had obvious specificities in fertilization and embryo development.The embryological witnesses of the twin-embryo seedling character in ARTS were found.The embryological reasons of producing the twin-embryo seedling related to 4 factors,including the twin-embryo sacs,the fertilization of the egg and the similar egg,the specific antipodal cells,the endosperm cells.ARTS expressed weaker in sexual reproduction and bigger variability in genetics,showing its potential values in ion beam mediated technique.