北海区海洋生态灾害的主要类型及分布现状研究

本文将海洋生态灾害定义为局部海域一种或少数几种海洋生物数量过度增多引起的海洋生态异常现象，包括赤潮、绿潮、水母旺发和外来种入侵等，根据相关研究及调查资料，探讨了北海区赤潮、绿潮、水母、外来生物入侵等生态灾害发生特点及趋势。结果表明，北海区赤潮和绿潮灾害频发，影响面积较大，渤海北部秦皇岛附近海域赤潮灾害严重，黄海西部山东半岛近岸海域浒苔绿潮灾害严重；水母灾害呈上升趋势，对人体健康威胁较大，北海区滨海城市都曾发生过水母蛰伤致死案例；黄河三角洲区域米草和泥螺入侵扩展速度较快。面对这些海洋生态灾害巨大威胁，北海区亟需加强海洋生态灾害防控研究。

The Main Types of Marine Ecological Disasters and Their Distribution Status in the North China Sea

Marine ecological disasters refer to the marine ecological abnormity caused by the excessive density of one species or several species organisms,including red tide,green tide,jellyfish and biological invasion.Based on the rele-vant researches and survey data,the characteristic and distribution status of marine ecological disasters in the North Chi-na Sea were explored in the paper.The results showed that the red tide and green tide occurred frequently and the area being affected by these two disasters was large.Red tide was most severe in the near shore water of Qinhuangdao city in the north of the Bohai Sea,and green tide in the offshore area of the Shandong peninsula in the west of the Yellow sea. The jellyfish disaster increased and threatened the human body,and the jellyfish-induced lethal cases were reported by almost all the coastal cities of the study area.The Spartina spp and Bullacta exarata invaded quickly in the Yellow River delta.Dedicated studies should be reinforced immediately to prevent and control the ecological disasters in the North China Sea.