诱导性多潜能干细胞(iPS cells)——现状及前景展望

主要从 iPS细胞发展历程、获得 iPS细胞的几个关键步骤 (如基因导入方式、诱导 iPS细胞所需因子组合与小分子化合物运用和体细胞种类选择等)、病人或疾病特异性 iPS细胞、iPS细胞体内外诱导分化与其衍生物的临床应用和制备无遗传修饰的(genetic modification-free) iPS细胞的可行性与前景等方面对 iPS细胞最新研究进展做评述．日本和美国研究小组先后用4种基因将小鼠(2006年8月)和人(2007年11～12月)的体细胞在体外重编程为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells，iPS cells)，此后在短短两年多时间内，iPS 细胞的研究和关注度呈爆炸式增长．体细胞重编程、去分化和多潜能干细胞来源等一系列热点问题再次成为干细胞和发育生物学等研究的热点和焦点．与胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells，ES cells)一样，iPS细胞在体内可分化为3个胚层来源的所有细胞，进而参与形成机体所有组织和器官．迄今，在体外已由 iPS细胞定向诱导分化出功能性的多种成熟细胞．因此，iPS细胞研究不仅具有重要理论意义，而且在再生医学、组织工程和药物发现与评价等方面极具应用价值．

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells):Current Status and Future Prospect

Over the past 28 months, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells, with characteristics identical to those of embryonic stem cells (ES cells)) directly in vitro reprogrammed from nonembryonic cells and tissues have captured great attentions in both scientific community and general public. Somatic reprogramming, dedifferentiation and the resource of pluripotent stem cells become the research hot points of stem cells and developmental biology. Person-, patient- and disease-specific iPS cells could be very useful in regenerative medicine and drug discovery, etc. iPS cell history, the several key steps in generating iPS cells (including approaches to gene delivery, combined uses of defined factors and small molecules to induce somatic cells into iPS cells, and choice of somatic cell types), patient- and disease-specific iPS cells, in vivo and in vitro differentiation of iPS cells, and the possibility of genetic modification-free iPS cells were discussed.