纳米水解酶的研究进展

水解酶由至少200种单独的蛋白质组成,可催化一系列独特化学键的水解.但是天然酶的固有缺点,如易变性、成本高、制备费力和回收困难,极大地限制了它们的实际应用.为了克服这些缺点,研究人员长期以来致力于探索人工水解酶模拟物.自从2007年发现Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒可以作为过氧化物酶模拟物,关于纳米酶的研究不断涌现.与天然酶相比,纳米酶具有制备简单、可大规模生产、环境耐受性强、制备及储存成本低廉、可重复使用等优势.纳米水解酶是指具有水解酶活性的纳米材料,金属有机框架材料、碳基纳米材料和金纳米粒子等的水解酶活性均已被报道.近年来,纳米水解酶研究领域进入蓬勃发展期,然而至今尚未见关于纳米水解酶的综述.本文首先根据水解底物的不同对纳米水解酶进行分类并分别讨论其催化机理,之后对影响纳米水解酶活性的因素及纳米水解酶的应用进行总结,最后概述和讨论纳米水解酶的当前挑战和未来前景.

Research Progress of Nanohydrolase

Hydrolases are a class of more than 200 individual proteins that catalyze the hydrolysis of a range of unique chemical bonds. However, the inherent disadvantages of natural enzymes, such as variability, high cost, laborious preparation and difficult recovery, greatly limit their practical applications. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of hydrolases mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics in 2007, a large number of studies on nanoenzymes have continued to emerge. Compared with natural enzymes, nanoenzymes have the advantages such as simple preparation, large-scale production, strong environmental tolerance, low preparation and storage costs, and reusability. Nanohydrolase are nanomaterials with hydrolase activity,and the hydrolase activity of metal organic frame materials, carbon based nanomaterials and gold nanoparticles has been reported. In recent years, the research field of nano hydrolase has entered a booming period, but so far no one has reviewed nanohydrolase. In this review, we first classifies nanohydrolases according to the different substrates and discusses their catalytic mechanisms, then summarizes the factors affecting the activity of nanohydrolases and the application of nanohydrolases, and finally summarizes and discusses the current challenges and future prospects of nanohydrolases.