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磁共振脑功能成像在小动物嗅觉研究中的应用
引用本文:李安安,饶小平,吴瑞琪,徐富强.磁共振脑功能成像在小动物嗅觉研究中的应用[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2010,37(1):14-21.
作者姓名:李安安  饶小平  吴瑞琪  徐富强
作者单位:中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉 430071;湖北第二师范学院化学与生命科学学院,武汉 430205;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉 430071;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉 430071;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉 430071;武汉光电国家实验室,武汉 430074
基金项目:国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(08Q1011001), 中国科学院百人计划(08B1021001), 武汉光电国家实验室创新基金(Z08004)和中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所重点资助项目(08K1011001)
摘    要:综述了磁共振脑功能成像(functional MRI,fMRI)在嗅觉研究中的应用,着重介绍fMRI在小动物嗅觉研究中的优势,以及近10年来fMRI在嗅球(olfactory bulb,OB)信息编码、处理和传输机制研究中所取得的进展.作为人类最古老的感觉方式之一,整个嗅觉系统(除鼻腔中的嗅细胞)都属于边缘系统,这赋予嗅觉系统一般的感觉功能和许多不为人所熟知的对情感、记忆以及生理和心理状态调控的功能.同时,由于缺乏有效手段,其内在性也使得嗅觉系统在大脑中的信息编码、处理、传输和感知等机制的研究极为困难.fMRI由于具有相对高的时间和空间分辨率,并可以无创地、重复地观测大脑任何部位的神经活动而被广泛应用于神经科学的研究.fMRI在嗅觉系统的应用使我们对人的嗅觉高级中枢感知机制方面的研究取得了一定的进展,而嗅球为嗅觉信息编码和处理中心,由于其尺寸和人体MRI空间分辨率的限制,对人OB中编码机制的研究一直无法进行.

关 键 词:磁共振脑功能成像(fMRI),编码,嗅球,嗅觉
收稿时间:2009/5/28 0:00:00
修稿时间:2009/8/29 0:00:00

Application of fMRI in olfactory studies of small animals
LI An-An,RAO Xiao-Ping,WU Rui-Qi and XU Fu-Qiang.Application of fMRI in olfactory studies of small animals[J].Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics,2010,37(1):14-21.
Authors:LI An-An  RAO Xiao-Ping  WU Rui-Qi and XU Fu-Qiang
Institution:Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan 430071, China;Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China;Graduate University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan 430071, China;Graduate University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan 430071, China;Graduate University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan 430071, China;Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
Abstract:The entire olfactory system, except for the olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity, is an intrinsic part of the limb system, conferring olfaction many rarely known functions including the regulation of emotion, memory, and physiological and psychological states, in addition to the general function of smell. Meanwhile, the innermost anatomical structures of the sensory system and the lacking of effective tools make the study of olfactory information coding, processing, transmission and perception processes extremely difficult. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been broadly used in neuroscience research, because it can repeatedly and non-invasively monitor neuronal activity in any brain region with relatively high temporal and spatial resolutions. Its application has significantly advanced our understanding of olfactory information processing at higher olfactory centers in human brain. Olfactory bulb (OB), the information coding and processing center of the olfactory system, is dedicated to and essential for olfaction. However, the relative small size of human OB, in comparison with the spatial resolution of human fMRI, has been greatly hindering our study of the mechanisms of information coding and processing in the OB. Here the application of fMRI in the olfactory system was reviewed, and focused on the small animal fMRI, its advantages and some important progresses made in the past decade.
Keywords:fMRI  coding  olfactory bulb  olfactory
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