流感病毒识别糖链受体分子机制的研究进展

近年来，由于流感病毒(influenza virus)不可预测的局部流行和有可能引发全球大流行，其一直是研究的热点课题之一．流感病毒表面糖蛋白血凝素(hemagglutinin，HA)特异识别宿主细胞表面的糖链受体是流感病毒感染宿主、进而复制并继续传播的生物学基础．影响流感病毒宿主特异性的两个主要因素是HA自身的变化(包括基因突变、重组、糖基化位点数量和糖基化位置的变化)和宿主细胞表面糖链受体的变化(包括糖链受体的类型、分布和分子构象的改变)等．因此准确掌握这些信息有助于人们进一步加强对流感病毒的防控．本文主要从糖组学角度概述了流感病毒识别糖链受体的分子机制，重点介绍流感病毒宿主细胞表面糖链受体的研究进展．

New Progress of Glycan as Receptors for Influenza Virus

Influenza virus is one of global constant research highlights, because it can cause the most severe disease in humans and animals as well as the most likely to trigger a pandemic. The surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is critical determinants of the host specificity, virulence and infectivity of the influenza virus. The genetic mutations and glycosylation of HA can affect the biological properties of HA. The binding of HA to sialylated glycan receptors on host epithelial cells is the critical initial step in the infection and transmission of the virus. Understanding these components is important in comprehending the infection and the transmission of both existing human influenza viruses and newly emerging avian influenza viruses. This review summarizes studies how influenza virus and receptor components might act as determinants for successful viral replication and transmission and new progress for understanding the role of the structure of sialylated glycan receptors in influenza virus pathogenesis.