Toll样受体信号通路的负调控

综述了Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors，TLRs)介导炎症反应信号通路的负调控机理．TLRs可以被病原体激活并迅速启动炎症反应，对先天性和获得性免疫反应起着重要调节作用．TLRs介导的免疫反应必须受到严格的调控，持续激活状态可长时间高表达炎症因子，导致机体产生慢性炎症、自身免疫紊乱和其他TLRs相关疾病．正常生理状态下，机体存在着多种TLRs的负调控机制，以维持免疫反应的平衡．该领域的研究近年来取得了重要进展，为许多免疫相关疾病的治疗提供了线索．

Negative Regulation of Toll-like Receptors Signaling Pathways

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing and eliciting responses to invading pathogens. The activation of TLRs must be stringently controlled in order to avoid exaggerated expression of signaling components as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that can devastate the host, resulting in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders and aid in the pathogenesis of TLR-associated diseases. Therefore, it is essential that negative regulators act at multiple levels within TLR signaling cascades in order to synchronize the activation and negative regulation of signal transduction to limit potentially harmful immunological consequences. A summary of the various mechanisms employed by negative regulators of TLRs signaling to ensure the appropriate modulation of both immune and inflammatory responses was provided.