人为噪声对动物的非听觉影响

噪声在环境中广泛存在，城市化的迅速发展也使野生动物接触到人为噪声的机会增大。越来越多的证据表明，人为噪声在许多方面影响着人类的健康以及野生动物的生存。对这些研究进行总结发现，噪声会改变动物的生理状态，使其处在较高的应激水平，进而影响动物的抗氧化能力和免疫能力，甚至使雏鸟的端粒缩短。人为噪声的存在还会影响动物的学习和认知能力，干扰动物觅食、交流等行为。这些因素累积就可能会降低动物后代的存活率，改变物种丰度，对动物的生存造成威胁。对人为噪声带来的非听觉影响的研究，有助于更全面地了解噪声的潜在危害，采取更为积极的缓解应对措施。

Non-auditory Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals

Noise exists widely in the environment, and the rapid development of urbanization also increases the chance for wildlife to be exposed to anthropogenic noise. There is growing evidence that anthropogenic noise affects human health and the survival of wild animals in many ways. A summary of these studies shows that anthropogenic noise can change the physiological state of animals, make them at a relatively high stress level, decrease their immune ability, reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and induce higher reative oxygen species (ROS) level. Animals exposed to anthropogenic noise have significantly shorter telomere lengths and lower telomerase activity. Anthropogenic noise can also decrease the learning and cognitive ability of animals, and even affect the development of brain regions related to vocal learning. For example, male zebra finch exposed to traffic noise at an early stage had smaller relative volumes of area X and high vocal centers. The effects of anthropogenic noise on animal behaviors are also extensive. The presence of anthropogenic noise can interfere with foraging behaviors and increase the risk of predation. Meanwhile, anthropogenic noise may mask sound signals and affect animal communication, such as changing acoustic signals and reducing communication space. The accumulation of these factors may reduce the survival rate of animal offspring, change the species abundance, and pose a threat to the survival of animals. There are differences in the sensitivity of different species to noise, and the changes of physiological state and behaviors induced by noise may also be different. The research on the non-auditory effects of anthropogenic noise is helpful to understand the potential harms of noise and take active mitigation measures to deal with them.