嵌合抗原受体T细胞治疗的现状与展望

肿瘤严重威胁着人类健康，当前肿瘤传统的治疗方法有手术治疗、化疗、放疗和靶向药物治疗等。近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗，尤其是嵌合抗原受体（chimeric antigen receptor,CAR） T细胞免疫疗法在基础研究与临床应用中蓬勃发展，并在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面取得了巨大成功。然而，大量研究显示，细胞免疫治疗后可出现不同程度的毒副反应，且部分患者缓解后再次复发。因此，了解细胞治疗面临的挑战与局限性，寻找解决的办法，对继续发挥细胞免疫疗法的潜能具有重要意义。本文就免疫细胞的CAR结构、病毒载体的选择、细胞治疗面临的挑战及前景进行综述。

Current Status and Prospects of CAR-T Cell Therapy

Tumors are a serious threat to human health. The current traditional methods of cancer treatment include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted drug therapy. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has flourished in basic research and clinical application, and has achieved great success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, numerous studies have shown that various degrees of toxic and side effects may occur after cellular immunotherapy, and some patients relapse after remission. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the challenges and limitations of cell therapy and find solutions to continue to exert the potential of cell immunotherapy. This article reviews the CAR structure, the selection of viral vectors, the challenges and prospects of cell therapy.