微生物的交流信号

多年来微生物一直被认为是相对孤立的个体,在环境中独立地生存,但近些年的研究使人们认识到微生物也使用复杂多样的方式进行种内、种间,甚至与其他生物间的跨界信息交流。这些交流由特定的信号分子来完成,称之为微生物语言。借助这些交流语言使微生物在特定的生态位中与其相邻个体或种群建立了多样的互动关系,包括合作、竞争与资源共享等,通过协调群体行为,共同应对多变的环境。随着现代分子科学对自然微生物群落的不断深入研究,人们对微生物交流也逐渐有了更为清晰的认知。本综述总结了原核和真核微生物所使用的主要信号物质(如群体感应、群体猝灭、抗生素等)和交流方式,讨论了这些通讯语言在种内(同种微生物)、种间(异种微生物),以及跨界(微生物与宿主)交流上的表现。旨在更为深入地解读这一有趣的多学科交叉研究领域,更好地理解微生物交流语言的形式、机制和目的,为微生物行为的解读和生态事件的解析获取基于化学生态学的新思路。

The Communication Signal of Microorganism

In previous understanding, microorganism was considered to be separated and living independently in the environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated that microorganism was capable of communicating intraspecific, interspecific, or even with other organisms in multiple ways. These communications are performed by specific signaling molecules, which we called microbial language. By using these microbial languages, microorganism in a specific ecological niche builds variety of interactions with their neighboring individuals or populations, such as cooperation, competition, and resource sharing, or even react to complex outer environment by coordinating group behaviors. With the profound modern molecular biology study of natural microbial community, researchers gradually accessed a clear and comprehensive understanding to microbial communication. In this review, we tried to summarize the signal substances (such as quorum sensing, quorum quenching, antibiotics, etc.) and communication methods used by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, and discussed the impact of these communication languages ??on the interaction in intraspecies (same microorganisms), interspecies (different microorganisms), and interkingdom communication (microorganisms and hosts). This review is aiming to interpret this interesting cross discipline deeply, to understand the form, mechanism and purpose of microbial communication language better, and to obtain a new approach for the interpretation of microbial behavior and the analysis of ecological events based on chemical ecology.