生物大分子从头合成和设计的研究进展

生物大分子指生物体内存在的DNA、蛋白质、多糖等物质,其对生物体正常生命活动至关重要.从头合成和设计技术在生物大分子的合成和结构设计上具有自由度高、前体简单等特点,能够按照特定研究目的对生物大分子进行全新设计和高效合成.近年来,从头合成与设计技术在人造基因组合成、新型蛋白质类药物设计、糖缀合物合成等领域已开始受到重视.基于生物大分子从头合成和设计技术,可以定向制备全新设计的DNA或全新的基因表达产物,以及具有识别功能的糖链或糖缀合物,将大大推进诸如细胞因子模拟物、基因治疗递送载体等生物活性物质的开发,为人工生物系统的构建、罕见疾病的治疗等提供新的解决方法.本文就DNA、蛋白质和多糖的从头合成和设计进行了综述,阐述了相关方法及应用,最后概括分析了三者之间的关系.

Advances in De Novo Synthesis and De Novo Design of Biomacromolecules

Biomacromolecules refer to the substances such as DNA, proteins, polysaccharides, etc. in living organisms, which are essential for the normal life activities of organisms. De novo synthesis and design techniques have high degree of freedom and simple precursors in the synthesis and structural design of biomacromolecules, enabling new design and efficient synthesis of biomacromolecules for specific research purposes. Recently, de novo synthesis and design techniques have begun to receive attention in the fields of artificial gene combination, novel protein drug design, glycoconjugate synthesis, etc. Based on the de novo synthesis and design of biomacromolecules, the newly designed DNA or novel gene expression products, as well as glycosylation or glycoconjugates with recognition functions, can be targeted prepared. Simultaneously, the techniques will greatly advance biologically active substances such as cytokine mimics, gene therapy delivery vehicles, providing a new solution for the construction of artificial biological systems and the treatment of rare diseases. This paper reviews the de novo synthesis and design of DNA, protein and polysaccharides, expounds the related methods and applications, and finally summarizes the relationship between three kinds of substances.