多不饱和脂肪酸对钾通道的调控作用及机理

多不饱和脂肪酸具有包括离子通道在内的众多作用靶点，通过作用于这些靶点，可以有效保护免疫系统、神经系统和心血管系统的功能，在一定程度上保护人体健康。电压门控钾离子通道家族K_V7通道和大电导钙离子激活的钾离子通道(BK_Ca)广泛表达于机体的各类组织中，具有重要的生理或病理功能。本综述围绕K_V7和BK_Ca通道，根据对已有报道的汇总，多不饱和脂肪酸可以增大K_V7和BK_Ca通道的电流幅值，其中对K_V7通道电流的影响主要是改变其电压依赖特性和最大电导值，而对BK_Ca通道电流的影响主要是改变其孔道区域关闭态的构象。此外，多不饱和脂肪酸对K_V7和BK_Ca通道功能的调节也会受到共表达的辅助亚基影响，但相关机制有待进一步阐明。深入理解多不饱和脂肪酸对K_V7和BK_Ca通道调节作用效果和分子机制，有助于全面理解K_V7和BK

Role and Mechanism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Potassium Ion Channels

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have diverse health-promoting effects, such as potentially protecting in immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems by targeting a variety of sites, including most ion channels. Voltage-gated potassium channels of the K_V7 family and large-conductance Ca²⁺- and voltage-activated K⁺ (BK_Ca) channels are expressed in many tissues, therefore, their physiological importance is evident from the various disorders linked to dysfunctional K_V7 channels and BK_Ca channels. Thus, it is extremely important to learn how potassium channels are regulated by PUFAs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of PUFAs on K_V7 channels and BK_Ca channels functions, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects. In summarizing reported effects of PUFAs on K_V7 and BK_Ca channels mediated currents, we generally conclude that PUFAs increase the current amplitude, meanwhile, differential molecular and biophysical mechanisms are associated with the current increase. In K_V7 channels the currents increasement are associated with a shift in the voltage dependence of channel opening and increased maximum conductance in K_V7 channels, while in BK_Ca channels, they are associated with destabilization the pore domain closed conformation. Furthermore, PUFA effects are influenced by auxiliary subunits of K_V7 and BK_Ca channels, associate with channels in certain tissues. although findings are conflicting. A better understanding of how PUFAs regulate K_V7 and BK_Ca channels may offer insight into their physiological regulation and may lead to new therapeutic strategies and approaches.