CRISPR/Cas9系统纳米递送及其在肿瘤治疗中应用

新兴的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可实现在分子水平上对基因进行操作,具有设计简单、易于操作、特异性好、效率高等优点,广泛应用于肿瘤发生、发展和转移的潜在机制以及临床治疗的研究.利用纳米技术研发的非病毒纳米载体可以将CRISPR/Cas9系统高效递送到体内,为CRISPR/Cas9技术在临床领域的应用提供新途径.本文介绍CRISPR/Cas9的作用原理,简要概括目前CRISPR/Cas9系统的递送形式和常用的纳米递送载体,总结在部分肿瘤治疗中应用该技术的研究进展,并进一步对此进行展望.

CRISPR / Cas9 System and Its Application in Tumor Therapy

The emerging CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology can realize the manipulation of genes at the molecular level. It has the advantages of simple design, easy operation, good specificity and high efficiency. It is widely used in the study of potential mechanisms of tumorigenesis, development and metastasis and clinical treatment. Recent researches into the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor therapy in vivo have focused on developing vectors. Non-viral nano-carriers developed by nanotechnology can efficiently deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system into the body, providing a new way for the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In this review, we discuss the principle of CRISPR/Cas9, the current delivery forms of CRISPR/Cas9 and commonly used nano-delivery vectors. We highlight several nano-carriers including inorganic nanoparticles, polymer-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles and others. We also summarize the characteristics, editing efficiency, applications and new studies of different nano-carriers. The applications and progresses of CRISPR/Cas9 in treating different tumors are also discussed.