记忆水平依赖的海马-前额叶神经节律交互

海马(HPC)和前额叶皮层(PFC)的协同作用是记忆加工过程的关键,其相互作用对学习和记忆功能至关重要.大量证据表明,情景记忆的形成、巩固与检索依赖于特征神经节律在PFC和HPC脑区间的同步作用,这些节律包括theta节律、gamma节律和sharp wave ripples (SWRs)节律等.在精神类疾病中患者往往伴随出现学习记忆功能障碍,基于人类和动物的脑电研究均发现以上3种神经节律在HPC和PFC之间的同步性下降,可能作为反映精神病理下认知功能障碍的重要指标.本文从HPC-PFC网络中的神经节律研究出发,总结了theta节律、gamma节律和SWRs节律在两脑区间的协调交互模式在情景记忆中的作用,以及精神分裂症和抑郁症状态下HPC-PFC通路上神经节律的异常表现及其潜在损伤机制,为今后精神疾病的快速诊断提供客观依据.

Memory-dependent Neural Rhythms Coupling in Hippocampal-prefrontal Cortex Network

The synergy of hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays key roles in memory processing. A large amount of evidence shows that PFC and HPC support the formation, consolidation and retrieval of episodic memory through the synchronous action of characteristic neural rhythms (theta, gamma, sharp wave ripples(SWRs) rhythms). Based on the study of the neural rhythms in the HPC-PFC network, this review summarizes the role of synchronous interaction of theta, gamma and SWRs rhythms between two brain regions in episodic memory. With the development of animal learning and memory, the HPC-PFC coherence of theta rhythm, as well as gamma rhythms, were significantly increased. These data indicated that HPC and PFC communicate closely through oscillatory information flow in this network when animals have strong memory capabilities. HPC SWRs during either sleep or awake rest were coordinated with cortical SWRs and some other low-frequency rhythms to promote memory consolidation, while awake SWRs can further promote memory retrieval. On the other hand, mental illness is often accompanied by learning and memory dysfunction. EEG studies based on humans and animals have found that the coupling of neural rhythms between HPC and PFC was disordered, which could be treated as an important indicator of pathological cognitive impairment. This review also summarizes the abnormal performance of neural rhythms in HPC-PFC network in schizophrenia and depression and their underlying mechanisms, providing objective evidence for the rapid diagnosis of psychiatric diseases in the future.