ABC转运蛋白结构及在植物病原真菌中的功能研究进展

ABC(ATP-binding cassette)转运蛋白是最大的膜转运蛋白超家族之一,其主要功能是利用ATP水解产生的能量将底物进行逆浓度梯度运输.所有生物体都含有大量ABC蛋白.ABC蛋白位于细胞的不同空间,如细胞膜、液泡、线粒体和过氧化物酶体.通常,ABC转运蛋白由跨膜结构域(TMD)和核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)组成,分别与底物和ATP结合.NBD执行与ATP结合和水解,是ABC转运蛋白的动力引擎,TMD识别特异性配体.大多数ABC转运蛋白最初是通过研究生物体耐药性而被发现的,包括多效耐药(PDR)和多药耐药(MDR).本文对ABC转运蛋白的结构及作用机制,以及植物病原真菌中ABC转运蛋白功能的研究进展进行综述.

Research Progress in Structure of ABC Transporters and Their Function in Pathogenic Fungi

ABC(ATP-binding cassette) transporters are members of the largest superfamily of membrane transporters which modulate the transmembrane of various substrates against a chemical gradient via the energy by ATP hydrolysis. All organisms harbor numerous ABC proteins in different cellular compartments such as the plasma membrane, vacuoles, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Typically, ABC transporters are consisted of transmembrane domains(TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains(NBDs) to bind their substrates and ATP respectively. NBDs, as the power engine of the ABC transporters, mediate the ATP binding and hydrolysis, whileTMDs determine what ligands can be recognized. The ABC proteins, in most cases, were initially discovered during the investigation on resistance to a multitude of drugs, including PDR(pleiotropic drug resistance) and MDR (multidrug resistance). In the present article, we reviewed the research advances of the structure and transmembrane transport mechanism of ABC transporters and their roles in plant pathogenic fungi.