溶瘤病毒载体研究进展

溶瘤病毒(oncolytic virus,OVs)疗法是治疗肿瘤的一种新方法,它可通过直接杀死肿瘤细胞并引起机体的免疫反应发挥作用.然而天然溶瘤病毒有一定的局限性,因此需将各种不同的病毒作为载体,通过基因修饰的方法增强或减弱病毒毒力并导入新的功能性基因,以提高其溶瘤作用.目前可以作为溶瘤病毒载体的有单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、牛痘病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒等.这些病毒载体均可通过不同的基因修饰方法,靶向性感染并杀死不同的肿瘤细胞,获得较好的溶瘤作用.本文综述了几种溶瘤病毒载体的基因修饰方法,以及修饰后的溶瘤效果.

Advances of Oncolytic Virus Vectors

The new cancer treatment research needs to be accelerated, not only because tumor types and increasing number of patients, but also because traditional therapies, surgical methods, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have certain drawbacks. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can not only directly kill tumor cells but also activate immune system to exert better effects. However, natural OVs have some defect that limit its further application. In order to overcome its shortcomings, the OVs'' vectors was constructed. With advances in molecular biology, OVs could introduced exogenous gene or reduce virulence to improve its function as vectors for treating tumors. At present, OVs such as herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus, mumps virus, and poliovirus have made certain progress in treating tumors as OVs'' vectors. The current modification methods of OVs'' vectors can be divided into the following types: delete genes harmful to normal cells; insert foreign genes to achieve biological regulation; insert ligand genes that specifically bind to tumor surface receptors. This article reviews modification methods and effect of the aforementioned OVs vectors.