Ammonia emissions and biodegradation of organic carbon during sewage sludge composting with different extra carbon sources |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China;3. National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin 150090, China;4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China;1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China;2. Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India;3. Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India;1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China;3. Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding 071002, China;1. School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China;2. Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China;4. Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Cz?stochowa University of Technology, Brze?nicka 60a, 42-200 Cz?stochowa, Poland;2. Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;3. School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China |
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| Abstract: | Ammonia emissions during composting result in the reduced value of agronomic production and can also pollute the air. To evaluate the influence of various carbon sources on ammonia emissions, six composting experiments were carried out with different amendments of carbon sources (glucose, sucrose and straw powder). The cumulative ammonia volatilizations were reduced from 3.11 g/kg (R6) to 2.46 g/kg (R1), 2.17 g/kg (R2), 2.23 g/kg (R4) and 1.93 g/kg (R5). Compared to the control, no significant difference of ammonia emissions and carbon degradation was observed for the mixture of R3 (3.15 g/kg), which was amended with straw powder alone. The co-addition of sucrose and straw powder led to the lowest ammonia emissions. According to these results, a higher C/N ratio did not necessarily indicate an effective solution for reducing ammonia emissions, and not all readily available carbon compounds were helpful in reducing ammonia emissions. The addition of sucrose promoted the decomposition of organic carbon during the intensive stage of ammonia emissions, and the combination of straw and sucrose prolonged this promotion. Thus, the co-addition of sucrose and straw powder made it possible to reduce ammonia emissions drastically by nitrogen immobilization. |
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| Keywords: | Sludge composting Nitrogen loss Ammonia emissions Bioavailability Carbon source |
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