Phenanthrene biodegradation by immobilized microbial consortium in polyvinyl alcohol cryogel beads |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran;1. INRA, EcoSys, UMR1405, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France;2. INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, F-54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;3. Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, F-54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;4. Agence de l''Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l''Energie, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, F-49004, Angers Cedex 01, France;5. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China;6. Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France;7. CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France;8. Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR 7360, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China;3. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China;4. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China;1. Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran;1. Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;2. Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;3. School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;4. Songkhla Fish Inspection and Research Center, Department of Fisheries, Songkhla 90000, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of widespread toxic compounds, has been one of the environmental issues in wastewater treatment systems for many years. In this study, biodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE), as a model contaminant, by a microbial consortium entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel prepared by freeze-thaw method was investigated. The effect of inoculum size (300–900 mg of cell dry weight per liter) and initial PHE concentration (100–2000 ppm) as well as bead cell density (5 and 10 mg ml−1) on PHE biodegradation by freely suspended cell (FC) and immobilized cell (IC) systems in aqueous phase was examined. Results showed that although both IC and FC systems were capable of complete removal of 100 and 250 ppm of initial PHE (as sole carbon and energy sources), incomplete PHE removals were observed at higher initial PHE concentrations up to 2000 ppm after 7 days. IC system resulted in the maximum PHE removal of 400 ppm at initial PHE concentration of 750 ppm and inoculum size of 600 mg l−1, while under these conditions FC system removed 310 ppm of PHE. Moreover, bead cell density was shown to affect the performance of IC system, with the lower density of 5 mg ml−1 leading to a higher PHE removal due to the enhanced transport phenomena in the culture. Additionally, a correlation was proposed to predict PHE biodegradation at a range of initial PHE concentrations. |
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| Keywords: | Activated sludge consortium Bead cell density Bioremediation Cell immobilization Phenanthrene Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) |
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