Behavioural influences on life-history variation in juvenile Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar |
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Authors: | John E Thorpe Neil B Metcalfe Felicity A Huntingford |
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Institution: | (1) Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, Scotland, U.K.;(2) Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K. |
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Abstract: | Synopsis Juvenile Atlantic salmon emigrate from the river in a given year as a consequence of a physiological decision influencing
appetite and growth during the previous summer. The direction of the decision depends on developmental performance exceeding
a genetically determined threshold at that time, and that performance is governed by environmental opportunity. The animal's
foraging efficiency (ability to avoid predators, and to compete) determines how well that opportunity is used. Those fish
which maintained relatively high growth after July preferred higher stream flows, and were more likely to hide than to flee
from a predator. Predator vigilance reduced intake, and ability to discriminate edible particles. Early competitive ability
depended on fierceness rather than size, and ultimate large size was a consequence of dominant status. Initial status among
high ranking individuals (but not among low ones) predicted the likelihood of maintaining growth in late summer. Size by July
was the better predictor for low ranked fish. The influence of high status on life-history variation depends on how much it
suppresses the growth of those lower in the hierarchy.
Invited review |
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Keywords: | Atlantic salmon Life-history style Foraging efficiency Predator avoidance Social status |
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