Cytokine profiles of HIV patients with pulmonary tuberculosis resulting from adjunct immunotherapy with herbal phytoconcentrates Dzherelo and Anemin |
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Authors: | Lyudmila G Nikolaeva Tatiana V Maystat Volodymyr S Pylypchuk Yuri L Volyanskii Valery M Frolov Galyna A Kutsyna |
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Institution: | aKharkov Regional AIDS Prophylaxis and Prevention Center, Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 6 Bor’by Street, Kharkov 61044, Ukraine;bEkomed LLC, 80-A Prospect Pravdy, Kiev 04208, Ukraine;cI.I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 14 Pushkinskaya Street, Kharkov 61057, Ukraine;dLuhansk Regional AIDS Center and Luhansk State Medical University, 50-Years of Defense of Luhansk Street, Luhansk 91045, Ukraine |
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Abstract: | Dzherelo (Immunoxel) and Anemin when combined with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) were shown to produce better clinical outcome than chemotherapy alone. Sixty HIV-positive patients with active pulmonary TB were equally divided into three matched groups to receive either ATT, ATT + Dzherelo, or ATT + Dzherelo + Anemin. Peripheral blood samples were measured by ELISA for plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IFN-α. After 6 months of follow-up Dzherelo and Dzherelo + Anemin combinations produced 61% (P = 0.005) and 44.4% (P = 0.06) higher levels of IL-2, whereas in ATT group they were reduced by 33.1% (P = 0.002). The levels of IL-6 increased by 17% (P = 0.15) in ATT group, but declined in both immune intervention groups by 26.2% (P = 0.007) and 21.3% (P = 0.22). TNF-α was suppressed in two immunotherapy groups by 19.1% (P = 0.06) and 76.3% (P = 0.02), respectively, but had risen by 14% (P = 0.42) in ATT patients. The pattern of production of IFN-γ was opposite to that of TNF-α, but statistical significance was stronger in patients receiving ATT and Dzherelo + Anemin than in Dzherelo group: −34% (P = 0.004), +31.9% (P = 0.008), and +17.3% (P = 0.33), respectively. Moderately decreased levels of IFN-α were observed in all treatment arms (range 0.9–16.6%) but differences were not significant. Despite considerable intra-group variation in cytokine production, the baseline inter-group averages were not statistically different indicating that the results were not biased by sample heterogeneity. Immunomodulators used in this study possibly act by enhancing natural immune response against TB. Expanded study of other cytokines and correlates relevant to control and protection from TB and HIV is needed in order to identify biomarkers of favorable treatment outcome, which may aid design of better immune interventions and vaccines. |
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Keywords: | AIDS Botanical Herbal Immunotherapy XDR |
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