THE IMPORTANCE OF MOSQUITO BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATIONS TO MALARIA CONTROL IN AFRICA |
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| Authors: | Michelle L Gatton Nakul Chitnis Thomas Churcher Martin J Donnelly Azra C Ghani H Charles J Godfray Fred Gould Ian Hastings John Marshall Hilary Ranson Mark Rowland Jeff Shaman Steve W Lindsay |
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| Institution: | 1. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892‐2220;2. E‐mail: m.gatton@qut.edu.au;3. Malaria Drug Resistance & Chemotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia;4. Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Basel CH‐4002, Switzerland;5. University of Basel, Basel CH‐4003, Switzerland;6. Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 IPG, UK;7. Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside L3 5QA, UK;8. MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;9. Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK;10. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;11. Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside L3 5QA, UK;12. Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;13. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032;14. School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH 3LE, UK |
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| Abstract: | Over the past decade the use of long‐lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), in combination with improved drug therapies, indoor residual spraying (IRS), and better health infrastructure, has helped reduce malaria in many African countries for the first time in a generation. However, insecticide resistance in the vector is an evolving threat to these gains. We review emerging and historical data on behavioral resistance in response to LLINs and IRS. Overall the current literature suggests behavioral and species changes may be emerging, but the data are sparse and, at times unconvincing. However, preliminary modeling has demonstrated that behavioral resistance could have significant impacts on the effectiveness of malaria control. We propose seven recommendations to improve understanding of resistance in malaria vectors. Determining the public health impact of physiological and behavioral insecticide resistance is an urgent priority if we are to maintain the significant gains made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. |
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| Keywords: | Anopheles indoor residual spraying insecticidal nets resistance |
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