Genetic evolution and diversity of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. |
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Authors: | Dimitry A Chistiakov Natalia V Voronova |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Molecular Diagnostics, National Research Center GosNIIgenetika, 113545 Moscow, Russia;(2) Department of Fish Ecology, Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 111394 Moscow, Russia |
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Abstract: | Knowledge of genetic variation and population structure of existing strains of both farmed and wild common carp Cyprinus carpio L. is absolutely necessary for any efficient fish management and/or conservation program. To assess genetic diversity in
common carp populations, a variety of molecular markers were analyzed. Of those, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA were
most frequently used in the analysis of genetic diversity and genome evolution of common carp. Using microsatellites showed
that the genome evolution in common carp exhibited two waves of rearrangements: one whole-genome duplication (12–16 million
years ago) and a more recent wave of segmental duplications occurring between 2.3 and 6.8 million years ago. The genome duplication
event has resulted in tetraploidy since the common carp currently harbors a substantial portion of duplicated loci in its
genome and twice the number of chromosomes (n = 100–104) of most other cyprinid fishes. The variation in domesticated carp
populations is significantly less than that in wild populations, which probably arises from the loss of variation due to founder
effects and genetic drift. Genetic differentiation between the European carp C.c. carpio and Asian carp C.c. haematopterus is clearly evident. In Asia, two carp subspecies, C.c. haematopterus and C.c. varidivlaceus, seem to be also genetically distinct. |
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Keywords: | Common carp Microsatellites Mitochondrial DNA markers Genome evolution Genetic diversity Population |
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