Mechanics of the cellular actin cortex: From signalling to shape change |
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| Institution: | 1. London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK;2. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK;3. Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK;1. Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Vegétale, CNRS/CEA/UGA/INRA, Grenoble 38054, France;2. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA;3. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;4. Unité de thérapie Cellulaire, Hopital Saint-Louis, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France;1. National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, GKVK, 560065 Bangalore, India;2. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, GKVK, 560065 Bangalore, India;1. London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK;2. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;3. Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3N 3J7, Canada;4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;5. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany;6. International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland;7. Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;8. Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;9. Laboratoire d’Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;1. London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK;2. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK;3. Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072 |
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| Abstract: | The actin cortex is a thin layer of actin, myosin and actin-binding proteins that underlies the membrane of most animal cells. It is highly dynamic and can undergo remodelling on timescales of tens of seconds, thanks to protein turnover and myosin-mediated contractions. The cortex enables cells to resist external mechanical stresses, controls cell shape and allows cells to exert forces on their neighbours. Thus, its mechanical properties are the key to its physiological function. Here, we give an overview of how cortex composition, structure and dynamics control cortex mechanics and cell shape. We use mitosis as an example to illustrate how global and local regulation of cortex mechanics gives rise to a complex series of cell shape changes. |
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| Keywords: | Cortex Actin Cell mechanics Rho GTPases Arp2/3 Formin |
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