钙质红藻化石的主要类群特征及演化

钙质红藻是指可以发生生物钙化作用在其细胞壁上沉淀碳酸钙的红藻。钙质红藻可以保存为化石,是红藻古生物研究中的重要类群,具有重要的生态意义,但以往的研究对钙质红藻类群的系统分类及地史分布缺乏清晰认识。本文详细综述了钙质红藻化石的系统分类,归属于红藻门(Rhodophyta)红藻纲(Rhodophyceae)的4个目7个科,分别为珊瑚藻亚纲(Corallinophycidae)珊瑚藻目(Corallinales)的珊瑚藻科(Corallinaceae)、石叶藻科(Lithophyllaceae)、宽珊藻科(Mastophoraceae)和管孔藻科(Solenoporaceae),混石藻目(Hapalidiales)的混石藻科(Hapalidiaceae),孢石藻目(Sporolithales)的孢石藻科(Sporolithaceae)以及真红藻亚纲(Florideophycidae)耳壳藻目(Peyssonneliales)的耳壳藻科(Peyssonneliaceae)。最早的钙质红藻为管孔藻科,出现于中奥陶世,于中新世灭绝。珊瑚藻科最早出现于晚志留世并于白垩纪辐射演化至今,其他科均于白垩纪...

CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAIN CALCAREOUS RED ALGAE FOSSILS

Calcareous red algae can undergo biological calcification to precipitate calcium carbonate on their cell walls.when preserved as fossils, calcareous red algae is an important group in the paleontological study and has important ecological significance. However, the classification and geographical distribution of calcareous red algae are not clearly understood based on previous studies. This paper reviews the phylogenetic classification of calcareous red algae fossils in detail, which belong to 4 orders and 7 families of Rhodophyceae in Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae, Lithophyllaceae,Mastophoraceae and Solenoporaceae of the order Corallinales, Hapalidiaceae of the order Hapalidiales, and Sporolithaceae of the order Sporolithales, attributed to the subclass Corallinophycidae, Peyssonneliaceae of the order Peyssonneliales, attributed to the subclass Florideophycidae. The earliest calcareous red algae were Solenoporaceae,which appeared in the Middle Ordovician and became extinct in the Miocene. The Corallinaceae first appeared in the Late Silurian and evolved from the Cretaceous to the present. All other families began to appear in the Cretaceous and evolved in large quantities so far. The evolutionary characteristics are mainly manifested in that the organization structure of thallus and the reproductive pattern are becoming more and more complicated.