斜纹夜蛾种群控制的研究概况

斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是重要的农业害虫之一。为了控制斜纹夜蛾,使农作物免受危害,前人研究了化学防治、杀虫灯和性诱捕器诱杀、植物诱集和驱避、转基因抗虫品种以及生物防治对其种群控制作用。化学防治在压制斜纹夜蛾种群暴发、减轻农作物遭受损失方面作出了巨大贡献,但日益增强的抗药性、农药残留造成的环境污染、对天敌的杀伤和人畜安全的影响等问题不断受到关注,人们开始对该害虫的一些新的治理策略进行了探讨。在这些无公害的控制技术中,植物诱集和生物防治是2种值得提倡的有效措施。不少植物源提取物和昆虫生长调节剂对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有极好的效果,是值得研发的2种新型生物制剂。香芋和蓖麻等诱集作物对斜纹夜蛾有较好的诱集效果,如果能将作物诱集和释放天敌昆虫或病原微生物制剂结合,使之成为一套有效的生态控制体系,将可现实斜纹夜蛾种群的持续控制。

A review on control of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura

Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura （Fabricius）, is one of the important agricultural pests. The effect of several control approaches, i.e. chemical control, frequency trembler grid lamps and pheromone traps, the methods based on plant attractiveness and repellency, transgenic plant, and biological control, was studied in order to reduce the population of S. litura. Chemical control made a great contribution to suppressing occurrence of S. litura and reducing its damage. Due to the negative effect of chemical control, i.e. increasing insecticide resistance, environment pollution, the damage of natural enemies and the security of human and livestock, new control strategies were needed to be discussed. Plant trap and biological control were two effective approaches among above strategies. A few botanic extracts and insect growth regulators （IGR） showed satisfied effect on controlling the larvae of S. litura, and were considered as new types of valuable biological reagent. Trap crops （e. g. taro and castor） had good attracting effect on S. litura adults. Thus we suggest that an effective ecological control combining crop trap with releasing natural enemy or Dathogen will be sustainable for the control of S. litura in the future.