鄂西特有植物提取物的杀虫活性

首次报道悬铃木叶苎麻、龟背竹、李叶绣线菊、扇脉杓兰、鞘柄木、青牛胆、仙茅和大叶金腰的杀虫活性。质量分数为1%的(下同)千里光茎、李叶绣线菊花、龟背竹、扇脉杓兰茎叶、悬铃木叶苎麻和鞘柄木叶甲醇提取物对舍蝇Musca domestica vicinaMacquart 48 h的致死率在70%以上,其中千里光茎为96.55%。仙茅、扇脉杓兰和李叶绣线菊花对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)种群60 d繁殖抑制率达50%以上,其中最高仙茅为83.52%。仙茅和李叶绣线菊花对赤拟谷盗30 d的毒杀率在60%以上。悬铃木叶苎麻对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera lituraFabricius 3龄幼虫48 h的拒食率为84.00%。李叶绣线菊花、青牛胆、悬铃木叶苎麻和大叶金腰对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guen?e)3龄幼虫具较好拒食效果,其中,李叶绣线菊花48 h对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的拒食率为81.17%,这几种植物还引起试虫体重不增加、化蛹延迟、畸形蛹或部分蛹死亡现象。所筛选植物对致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinguefasciatusSay 4龄幼虫48h的毒杀率均低于20%。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的植物材料进行冷浸提取时,提取率分布在1.92%至12.92%之间。

Insecticidal activities of plant extracts in West of Hubei

Insecticidal activities of Boehmeria platanifolia,Monstra deliciosa,Spiraea prunifolin,Cypripedium japonicum,Toricellia tiliaefolia,Tinospora sagittata,Curculigo orchioides and Chrysosplenium macrophyllum were firstly reported.At concentration of 1%(the following was the same),mortalities of methanol extracts of Senecio palmatus(stem),S.prunifolin(flowers),M.deliciosa,C.japonicum(stem and leaves),B.platanifolia and T.tiliaefolia,(leaves) against adult house flies 48 h after the treatment were over 70%,in which S.palmatus(stem) was high to 96.55%.Reproduction inhibition rates of methanol extracts of C.orchioides,C.japonicum and S.prunifolin against adult Tribolium castaneum 60 d after the treatment were over 50%,with the highest one being 83.52% caused by C.orchioides.Meantime,mortalities of methanol extracts of C.orchioides and S.prunifolin(flowers) against adult T.castaneum 30 d after the treatment were over 60%.Antifeedant rates of methanol extracts of B.platanifolia against the third instar of Spodoptera litura 48 h after the treatment was 84.00%.Methanol extracts of S.prunifolin(flowers),T.sagittata,B.platanifolia and C.macrophyllum showed good antifeedant activities against the third instar of Ostrinia furnacalis 48 h after the treatment,in which S.prunifolin(flowers) was 81.17%.Moreover,these four methanol extracts caused no weight gained,pupation delay,abnormal pupae and pupae death.All these tested plants showed weak poison activities 48 h after the treatment,less than 20%,against the fourth instar of Culex quinquefasciatus Say.Methanol extraction rates varied from 1.92% to 16.12% by cold soaking method.