春尺蠖生物学特性研究

【目的】为新疆北疆地区春尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius预测预报工作提供理论依据。【方法】本文在林间对春尺蠖的各虫态进行详细调查,记述了各虫态的形态特征、生活史、性比、行为与习性。【结果】春尺蠖蛹主要集中分布在树盘基部30~60 cm、土壤深度为20~30 cm范围的土层中,成虫羽化后,次日19:00—23:00或第3天下午4:00—6:00交尾,其交配行为是多次交配型。雌虫比雄虫羽化稍早,雌虫平均寿命为16~18 d,雄虫平均寿命为8~13 d。翌日黄昏开始产卵,卵期最长34 d,最短26 d,雌虫每天平均产卵块数最高达5.1块/头、平均卵粒数为363.1粒/头,最低为1块/头、平均卵粒数为86粒/头,平均孵化率为86%。1、2龄幼虫食叶量较低,3龄开始暴增,5龄最高,平均每日食叶量可达443 mm2/头。【结论】春尺蠖成虫按翅面斑纹和颜色,可分三种类型:深色型、常见型、浅色型。幼虫的头壳与虫龄呈显著直线正相关。幼虫1~2龄期间,死亡率较高,高达60.37%;4~5龄幼虫,死亡率较低,且食叶量占总食叶量的85.81%。所以应选择在3龄幼虫高峰期之前进行防治。雌雄比为1︰0.7068,可预测下一代种群数量呈上升趋势。

Bionomics ofApocheima cinerarius Erschoff

Objectives] To provide a theoretical basis for forecastingApocheima cinerarius Erschoff in the northern Xinjiang region.Methods] The morphological characteristics, life cycle, sex ratio, behavior and habits ofA. cinerarius were investigated and described.Results]A. cinerarius pupae are mainly distributed 30 to 60 cm from the base of trees at a soil depth of about 20 to 30 cm. Mating occurs from 19:00 to 23:00 on the day after eclosion, or between 4:00 and 6:00 on the following day. Individual insects mate with multiple mates. Female eclosion occurs slightly earlier than male, and average female life expectancy is 16 to 18 d c.f. compared to 8 to 13 days for males. Oviposition begins the following evening after mating. The longest egg stage was 34 d and the shortest 26 d. Females lay an average of 5.1 eggs a day, and the average total number of eggs laid was 363.1. The lowest number of eggs laid was 1, and the average was 86. The average hatching rate was 86%. First and 2nd instar larvae consumed the least amount of leaves, and 5th instar larvae the most, averaging up to 443 mm2/day.Conclusion] Adults can be classified into three morphs on the basis of wing surface markings; dark type, common type, and light type. There was a significant, positive correlation between larval head size and age. First and 2nd instar larvae had a relatively high mortality rate of up to 60.37% compared to the 4th and 5th instars, and fresh leaves accounted for 85.81% of total amount of leaf matter consumed by 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Therefore, to minimise crop damage, control operations should be implemented before the peak of the 3rd instar. A male to female ratio of 1︰0.7068 is a reliable predictor of a population increase in the next generation.