重大外来害虫B型烟粉虱的入侵行为和生态机制

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)复合种是热带、亚热带及相邻温带地区的主要害虫之一。其中的B型烟粉虱在近20年来随观赏植物的运输在世界范围内广泛传播扩散,并在许多入侵地迅速取代本地的土著烟粉虱,通过直接取食植物汁液、传播植物双生病毒等方式对当地的农业生产造成极大危害。在B型烟粉虱入侵生物学研究方面,作者课题组研究发现,至少有两个主要机制导致或促进了B型烟粉虱的广泛入侵及其所伴随的双生病毒流行:(1)入侵烟粉虱与土著烟粉虱之间的"非对称交配互作";(2)入侵烟粉虱与所传双生病毒之间的间接互惠共生关系。这些研究结果从一定程度上揭示了B型烟粉虱成功入侵的行为和生态机制,并为进一步探讨烟粉虱的入侵机制提供了思路。

Behavioural and ecological mechanisms of invasion by the B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a major pest of tropical, subtropical and the adjacent temperate zones. In the past 20 years, the B biotype of this species complex has been spreading to many regions of the world with the assistance of human movement of ornamental plants, and in many regions of invasion the B biotype has quickly displaced indigenous whiteflies and caused serious damage to agricultural production through direct feeding and transmission of geminiviruses. In the studies of invasion biology of the B biotype, we have found at least two major mechanisms contributing to the widespread invasion and the pandemics of the geminiviruses it transmits: (1) the asymmetric mating interactions between the B biotype and indigenous whiteflies; and (2) the indirect vector-virus mutualism between the B biotype and the geminiviruses. These findings appear for the most part to reveal the behavioral and the ecological mechanisms behind the successful invasion by the B biotype, and provide new insights into further investigation on the mechanisms of the whitefly invasion.