中国松毛虫研究与治理

<正> 在中国,松毛虫是最严重的森林食叶害虫。远在370年前就有发生成灾的记载,至本世纪90年代每年发生面积达270万公顷左右,给林业生产和环境保护造成严重损害。中国现有松毛虫27种(4亚种)。除宁夏和青海外,分布遍及28个直辖市、省和自治区。其中,陕西省有10种,台湾省有4种。从分布范围和危害程度看,发生严重的有:南方的马尾松毛虫,北方的

A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF PINE CATERPILLARS IN CHINA

Pine caterpillars are the most important forest pests in China,among the 27 species (4 subspecies) of them, Dendrolimus punctatus, D. tabulae-formis, D. spectabilis, D. superans, D. houi and D. kikuchii are the most widelydistributed and most harmful species. This paper precisely introduced the gene-ration and the generation differentiation, the population dynamics and the foreca-sting, the controlling measures and the integrated management of pine caterpillars.Usually, there is diapause in the larval stage, which causes the differentiation ofgeneration. The generations of the caterpillars vary from one generation in twoyears to 4--5 generations per year depen ding on the species and the climate ofwhere they live. Photoperiodic reaction is an important factor that influences thediapause of larvae. The differentiation of generation affects the population dyna-mics and the forecasting of occurrence. The infested area of pine caterpillars canbe divided into three types, i. e. the safety zone of remote mountains, the rarelyoccurrent zone of lower mountains and the outbreak zone of hilly lands. Thereare intermittent and stable types of population dynamics of pine caterpillars. Theregulation of population is decided mainly by the mortality of the first three in- stars of larvae. Climate, natural enemies and food are all the impact factors ofpopulation dynamics. The control index of caterpillars in the trees of 10--15years old is about 30 larvae per tree. The spraying of Pyrethroid and Difluben-zuron is the main controlling measure of them. In China, the application of Tri-chogramma dendrolimi and Beauveria bassiana to control pine caterpillars has be-en more than 20 years. Progresses have also been gotten from the researches ofIPM which is based on the closing and cultivating of the forest. By this way,pine caterpillars would not break out though they do have low population densi-ties in many places. A notable example of them is the fact in Kunyushan forestfarm in Shandong province. In the view of future, the using of ecological me-thods is the fundamental way to control the pine caterpillars.