麦田昆虫群落结构及多样性的季节动态

通过2年对麦田昆虫群落的系统调查,共查得昆虫11目、62科1、13种,其中植食类51种、捕食类23种、寄生类24种、腐食和食血类15种,种类数和个体数分别占群落总数的45.13,20.35,21.24,13.27%和92.89,2.19,3.63,1.35%。麦田昆虫群落可划分为4个营养层、6个功能团和19个类群,麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae(Fabricius)是绝对的优势种,其数量变动决定着总群落结构和多样性的季节动态。麦田昆虫群落多样性表现为前期和后期高、中期低的时间格局,类群多样性与物种多样性的变化趋势最为相似,可用类群多样性代替物种多样性进行群落分析。

Seasonal dynamics of structure and diversity of insect communities in wheat fields

Systematic investigation and analysis of insect communities in wheat fields were carried out in 2003 and 2004.The results indicated that the insect communities of the wheat fields consisted of 11 orders,62 families,113 species,and the insects including 51 species of phytophages,23 species of predators,24 species of parasitoids and 15 species of detritivores and bloodsuckers.The percentages of each type were 45.13,20.35,21.24 and 13.27% in species numbers and 92.89,2.19,3.65 and 1.35% in individual numbers of the whole community,respectively.All of the insects in wheat fields were divided into 4 nutrient classes,6 guilds and 19 groups.The English grain aphid,Macrosiphum avenae(Fabricius),was the most dominant species which population dynamics determined the seasonal dynamics of the community structure and biodiversity.The diversity index of insect communities in the wheat fields showed a temporal pattern of higher in the prophase and anaphase,but lower in the metaphase of community development.The changing trend of group diversity index was the most similar to that of species diversity index,and could be used in place of species diversity in community analysis.