果蝇先天性免疫研究进展

果蝇是生命科学与人类疾病研究的重要模式生物,虽然不具有人类高度专一的获得性免疫,但也有对病原微生物感染作出快速有效反应的先天性免疫应答系统,主要包括体液免疫,细胞免疫和黑化反应。文章结合国外最新研究,详细介绍果蝇体液免疫中控制抗菌肽合成的Toll信号通路和Imd信号通路中涉及的蛋白及其相互作用,并对果蝇细胞免疫中的吞噬、包埋功能和黑化反应作简要阐述。研究表明,果蝇的Toll和Imd信号通路分别与人类的TLR4和TNRF-1信号通路存在着惊人的相似之处,说明果蝇与人类在免疫调控通路方面可能存在着共同的进化起源。

The progress of research on Drosophila innate immunity

Drosophila melanogaster is an important model organism for understanding basic biological and human disease mechanisms. Drosophila, lacking an adaptive immune system found in mammals, can resist rapidly and effectively to infection of various microorganisms through multifaceted innate immune response involving humoral immunity, cellular immunity and melanization. The latest achievement of Drosophila immunity was reviewed in this paper, including the proteins and their interaction related to Toll and immune deficiency （Imd） signal pathway through which Drosophila produces antimicrobial peptides, and phagocytosis and encapsulation in cellular immunity and melanisation. It was showed that Toll and Imd signal pathway in Drosophila is similar to TLR4 and TNRF-1 signal pathway in human innate immune systems, respectively, which implied that the immune signal pathway of Drosophila and human may have common origins.