苹果蠹蛾不育昆虫释放技术研究进展

不育昆虫释放技术(sterile insect technique,SIT)是一种环境友好、可作为大面积害虫综合治理(AW-IPM)的防治技术,是以压倒性比例释放不育昆虫来减少田间同种害虫繁殖量的害虫治理方法。苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)是世界重要的梨果类害虫,现已入侵世界5洲71国。本文综述了苹果蠹蛾大规模饲养技术、辐射不育技术、释放技术3个关键环节的研究与技术进展,主要包括:苹果蠹蛾人工饲料、实验种群建立、饲养设备与条件、收集和质量评估、长距离运输、辐射源与设备、辐射剂量与敏感性、释放方法、释放标记和释放量等,并介绍了各国采用SIT技术的应用效果。苹果蠹蛾在我国新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、黑龙江、吉林6个省区发现,对我国苹果产业安全生产构成严重威胁,我国很有必要引进并建立苹果蠹蛾SIT防治技术体系。

Advances in the sterile insect technique for controlling codling moth

The sterile insect technique （SIT） involves the mass release of sterile insects to reduce fertility of wild populations of the same species. The codling moth is a major global pest of apple and pear crops that has invaded 71 countries and 5 continents. In this paper, advances in mass rearing, sterilization and the release of sterile insects for codling moth control are introduced, including artificial diet, population construction, rearing facilities and conditions, adult collection and quality control, long distance transport, sterilization source and equipment, radiation sensitivity, release method, marking and saturation rate. The effectiveness of SIT in countries that have used this technique is reviewed. The codling moth had now been found in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and poses a serious threat to China’s fruit industry. The introduction of SIT’s to China is therefore both timely and important.