食蚜蝇科的分类系统及其研究进展

综述了食蚜蝇科的分类系统及其研究进展。林奈未能正确地区分出食蚜蝇类昆虫 ,将当时已知的大约 3 7种食蚜蝇归入家蝇属Musca中。Fabricius首次建立的食蚜蝇属Syrphus包括了当时已知的大部分食蚜蝇种类和一些非食蚜蝇种类 ,一些真正的食蚜蝇仍保留在家蝇属Musca及其它属中。MosesHarris是第 1位将食蚜蝇与双翅目其它类群分开的学者。Latreille首次建立食蚜蝇科Syrphiae。Fall啨ｎ以“Syrphici”作为食蚜蝇科的科名 ,现代食蚜蝇科的名称“Syrphidae”由Leach提出。目前 ,多数学者认为食蚜蝇科隶属于双翅目的环裂亚目Cyclorrhapha、无缝组Aschiza ,头蝇科Pipunculidae是其姊妹群 ,二者构成食蚜蝇总科Syrphiodea。在分类系统方面 ,Rondani首次将食蚜蝇科分为 5个亚科。Lioy第 1次依据幼虫摄食习性将食蚜蝇划分为 5个群 (group) ,并对Eristaliti群进行了再划分。Schiner依据径中横脉 (r m)的位置将食蚜蝇科分为 2个类群 ,将食蚜蝇科分为 8个亚科。Williston将食蚜蝇科划分为 3个亚科 ,包括1 4个族。Verrall在Schiner和Williston系统的基础上 ,提出分 7个亚科的分类系统 ,这一系统得到其后学者的认可和引用 ,如Efflatoun、Brunetti、Ferguson等。Bezzi也引用Verrall的系统 ,但以齿腿蚜蝇亚科Merodontinae取代

The classification systems of Syrphidae and advance in the related researches

This paper deals with the classification systems of Syrphidae and advancements in its research process.Linnaeus could not correctly separate hoverflies from other groups of Diptera and identified about 37 species of hoverflies known to science into the so-called genus Musca.The genus Syrphus proposed by Fabricius who assigned most of the known hoverflies and non syrphid species to this genus,but some of other real syrphid species were still retained in the Musca and other genera.Moses Harris was the first person who separated hoverflies from other groups of Diptera.Latreille used `Syrphiae' as the family name and Fallén`Syrphici'.The modern family name `Syrphidae' was introduced by Leach in 1819 and from then it was accepted and used widely.It is now held that Syrphidae belongs to Section Aschiza,Suborder Cyclorrhapha of Diptera.Syrphidae formed the superfamily Syrphiodea together with its sister group Pipunculidae.Rondani was the first to classify syrphid genera at subfamily level and recognized five subfamilies.Schiner divided the hoverflies into two groups based on the position of crossvein (r-m) and proposed eight subfamilies in 1864.Lioy was the first to use larval feeding habits in classification of hoverflies and divided it into five groups,and among which Eristaliti was divided into three sub-groups.Williston divided Syrphidae into three subfamilies and fourteen tribes.Having followed the works of Schiner and Willitson,Verrall proposed a seven-subfamily system accepted by the latter scholars and quoted in their works as Efflatoun,Brunetti and Ferguson.Bezzi quoted the Verrall's system in his 'Revision of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera)',but he replaced Eristalinae of Verrall's system with Merodontinae and Milesinae with Xylotinae.It may be said that the works of Verrall's and Williston's were the bases of taxonomy of Syrphidae.It had influenced the latter scholars greatly so Verrall thought some groups of syrphids ought to be raised to subfamily level.Shannon introduced a ten-subfamily system.Curran erected Eumerinae and proposed a eleven subfamily system in 1928.Gil Collado erected Callicerinae.Brues & Melander recognized eighteen subfamilies,Sack propoed a fourteen subfamily system and Shiraki a twenty one subfamily system.Hull divided Syrphidae into fourteen subfamilies and establish the foundation of the evolutionary trends of groups.Goffe summarized advancements on systems of Syrphidae and divided it into two subfamilies containing ten tribes.There have been many scholars who proposed different systems based on different reasons in their works such as Coe,Hartley,Bankowska,Vockeroth,Knutson,Smith,Stubbs,Volovitsch,Peck and Thompson.So far there had been not a system being accepted in general.The Syrphidae trends to be divided into three subfamilies although the taxonomic positions of some groups are still in dispute.The proofs used in the studies on systems and evolutionary trends of Syrphidae were mainly from the following aspects:morphological and structural characteristics of larvae,pupa and adults,biological characteristics especially the feeding habits of larvae,chromosomes and fossil records.Because of different explanations to those same proofs,the scholars drew the different conclusions.So construction of`natural' system of Syrphidae must be on the basis of further comprehensive studies,especially the researching on molecular biology of Syrphidae.