云南大白蚁亚科白蚁分飞情况及与蚁巢伞关系

在云南绿春观察大白蚁亚科4种土白蚁的分飞活动,研究大白蚁亚科白蚁和蚁巢伞之间的关系,得知:大白蚁亚科不同种类白蚁分飞孔形状不相同,分飞时分布于孔口周围的白蚁型、数目和扩散范围存在差异,这些蚁巢的外露特征可以作为白蚁种类识别的辅助依据。采集32巢白蚁以及其巢上生长的蚁巢伞,结果显示,大白蚁亚科每一个白蚁巢仅生长一种蚁巢伞Termitomyces子实体。与小果蚁巢伞共生的白蚁也与其他蚁巢伞共生,推测真菌能改变白蚁的行为。对白蚁种类和蚁巢伞种类对应关系的研究表明在小地域内,白蚁和蚁巢伞不仅存在属间高度专一性,而且种间也显示较高的共生专一性。

The swarming activity and the relationships between the termites in the Subfamily of Macrotermitinae and the fungi (Termitomyces) in Yunnan

The biology of four species of the subfamily Macrotermitinae in Luchun of Yunnan was studied. The results showed that some differences exist in the shape of exit holes, types, numbers and spreading distance of termites around the exit holes, which can be used for species identification. Our results also demonstrated that only one fungal species ( Termitomyces ) could be cultivated within a single termite colony. Termites that cultivate T. microcarpus also had symbiotic relationships with other fungi of the same genus. It is therefore speculated that termite behaviors could be changed when different fungi are cultivated. In addition, the investigation of interaction between termites and fungi indicated that, in a small area, high interactive specificity existed not only at the genus level, but also at the species level.