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条背萤幼虫水生适应性形态与游泳行为研究
引用本文:付新华,王余勇,雷朝亮.条背萤幼虫水生适应性形态与游泳行为研究[J].昆虫知识,2005,42(4):419-423.
作者姓名:付新华  王余勇  雷朝亮
作者单位:华中农业大学植物科技学院,昆虫资源研究所,武汉,430070
基金项目:致谢朱达美、吴臻同志帮助绘图;日本横须贺市自然人文博物馆大埸信义博士寄送萤火虫研究资料;中国科学院武汉病毒研究所刘家欣同志帮助拍摄电镜照片,一并感谢.
摘    要:研究了条背萤Luciolasubstriata幼虫的形态特征及其对游泳行为的适应。形态及扫描电镜观察发现,条背萤幼虫存在二态现象。1~2龄幼虫虫体扁平,多毛。有7对呼吸鳃,分别位于腹部第1~7节。3~6龄幼虫虫体扁平呈船形,无呼吸鳃,靠气管呼吸。二者均具有扁平桨状的足、燕尾状尾节及位于尾节末端的圆柱形粘附器官。条背萤幼虫游动时身体腹面朝上,呈仰泳姿态,足向后划水。3~6龄幼虫仰泳时足共有8种摆动姿势。幼虫仰泳时足摆动1个周期所需时间为(0.611±0.16)s。腹部末端可上下左右摆动,当幼虫向前游动时,尾部上下摆动1个周期所需时间为(1.795±0.44)s。幼虫的游泳速度为(0.85±0.16)mh。仰泳中的幼虫改变方向时,头部和尾部同时向身体的一侧弯曲,当头部与尾部呈近90°时,幼虫用力将尾部伸直,此时水产生一个反作用力继续推动幼虫转向,幼虫转向的范围为0~90°。条背萤2种类型幼虫呼吸系统的不同决定着幼虫外部形态的差异及游泳行为的不同,而导致这种呼吸系统、形态及运动行为不同的原因很可能是条背萤对环境的适应性进化。

关 键 词:条背萤  幼虫  适应性形态  游泳行为  水生萤火虫  进化
收稿时间:07 19 2004 12:00AM
修稿时间:2004-07-192005-03-09

Adaptive external morphology and swimming behavior in the aquatic firefly, Luciola substriata
FU Xin-hua,WANG Yu-Yong,LEI Chao-liang.Adaptive external morphology and swimming behavior in the aquatic firefly, Luciola substriata[J].Entomological Knowledge,2005,42(4):419-423.
Authors:FU Xin-hua  WANG Yu-Yong  LEI Chao-liang
Institution:FU Xin-Hua,WANG Yu-Yong,LEI Chao-Liang~*
Abstract:We report the adaptive external morphology and swimming behavior in aquatic firefly, Luciola substriata. External morphology observation and scanning microscope revealed the aquatic firefly L. substriata had two froms in the larval stage. The 1st~2 nd instar larva was characterized by 7 pairs of branched tracheal gills located on the 1st~7th abdominal segments. The 3 rd~6 th instar larva was smooth all over the body and no tracheal gills compared with 1 st~2 nd instar larva.However, the two forms of larvae had some same characteristics, such as smotth, long, and oar-shaped thoracic legs;and the swallowtail last abdominal segment with the caudal graping organ.Both two forms of larvae were good at backstroke. Thoracic legs served as oars and the abdomen served as thrusters and helms. There are 8 positions of legs when larva is in backstroking.When larva is backstroling, it takes (0.611±0.16)s and (1.795±0.44) s for the tail to finish one cycle.The speed of larval in backstroke is(0.85±0.16)m/h. When the larva change direction in backstroke,its head and tail curved to the same direction simultaneously. The range of turning direction is less than 90°. The different external morphology and swimming behavior between two forms of larvae determined by different respiration systems, are evolved to adapt to the environment.
Keywords:adaptive external morphology  swimming behavior  aquatic firefly  evolution
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