温度对四纹豆象生长发育与繁殖的影响

四纹豆象CallosobruchusmaculatusFabricius是一种世界性分布害虫,危害多种豆类因而具有重要的经济学意义。为准确掌握四纹豆象的生物学特性,并为其综合防治提供一定的理论依据,以绿豆为食料,在20,25,28,32,35和37℃等6个温度和相对湿度75%的条件下,通过逐日观察法对四纹豆象各虫态的发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵量等生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:四纹豆象卵期、豆内幼虫及蛹期、未成熟期发育点温度分别为12.67,13.86和13.53℃;温度与世代存活率及周限增长率均呈二次抛物线关系,根据相应抛物线方程可知,四纹豆象理论最适生存温度和最适种群增长温度分别为30.2℃和33.7℃,其生长发育繁殖的最适温区为30~34℃。

Effect of temperature on growth, development and reproduction of Callosobruchus maculates

Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, a ubiquitously distributed pest, is of great economic significance owing to its capacity of feeding on various legumes. In order to precisely understand the biological traits of C. maculates and thus provide some theoretical base for the integrated pest management, the biological characteristics of C. maculates on mung bean were systematically studied day by day under the condition of a series of temperatures (20, 25, 28, 32, 35 and 37℃) with a relative humidity of 75%. The results showed that the developmental threshold of egg, larva and immature periods was 12.67, 13.86 and 13.53℃, respectively. It revealed parabola relationship between temperature and both generation survival and finite increase rates. According to the corresponding parabola functions, the optimal temperature for survival and population increase was 30.2 and 33.7℃, respectively, and the optimal temperature range for growth and development of C. maculates was between 30 and 34℃.