中国农业害虫生物防治概况与进展

<正> 随着我国经济建设的不断发展和社会对生态环境意识的增强,生物防治科技工作在政府大力支持和广大科技人员共同努力下,得到迅速发展。“七五”和“八五”期间经政府部门批准正式列入国家科技攻关计划,并由中国农科院生防所主持,组织全国30多个科研和教学单位4百多位科技人员进行协作攻关。与此同

PROGRESS IN THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS IN CHINA

Important progresses have been made in research and implementa- tion of biological control techniques against agricultural pests in the past ten yearsin China. Biological control was applied in a total area of 20 000 ha in 1991. Asuccessful nationwide survey of the natural enemies of major agricultural pestswas completed during 1979--83. A total of 370 species/shipments of live biologi-cal control material were exchanged with 26 countries. Conservation and utiliza-tion of indigenous natural enemies has become a key component of IPM systems.A semi-mechanized production line with a capacity of producing, 1 056 000 arti-ficial eggs per day was developed to produce 30 000 000 Trichogramma dendroli-mi or 18 000 000 T. chilonis daily. In the development of microbial agents, theannual production of Bacillus thuringiensis has increased from 300 tons in 1985 toover 4 000 tons in 1991. Using Heliothis armigera and Plutella xylostella as thestandard testing insects in bioassay, the evaluation of the B.t. efficacy was sta-ndardized. Two standared B. t. products, CS_(3ab)-86 and CS_(5ab)-87 were prepared. Anew "liquid-to-solid" fermentation technique was developed for the mass produ-ction of Beauveria bassiana, with an average of 1×10~(11) pure spore/g containedin the product. Over 10 different insect viro-pesticides were studied and tried inca. 1 000 ha. Through a cooperative effort of mass producing the entomopathoge-nic nematode with CSIRO of Australia, Steinernema feltiae was applied on ca.680 000 shade trees to control Cossus formosana and Zeuzera aultistrigata.