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中国北方草地蝗虫学研究概况
引用本文:李鸿昌,邱星辉.中国北方草地蝗虫学研究概况[J].昆虫知识,1992,29(3):149-152.
作者姓名:李鸿昌  邱星辉
作者单位:中国科学院动物研究所,中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100080,北京 100080
摘    要:<正> 就目前所知,我国严重为害草地的害虫约计40余种(田畴等,1988),其中主要为蝗虫类。其为害遍布我国北方草地。仅在内蒙古,每年发生面积约500~1000万亩,在为害严重的局部地区其虫口密度达200头/m~2。蝗虫的大发

关 键 词:蝗虫  草地蝗虫学

A SURVEY OF ACRIDOLOGICAL RESEARCH WORKS ON GRASSLAND GRASSHOPPERS IN NORTHERN CHINA
Abstract:Grassland is very important as the basis of material for developinganimal husbandry. But the grasshoppers have been the major pests on grassland innorthern China. Many papers and publications were written by scientists. Now anoutline of progress of these research works will be introduced as follows:I. Research on the fauna of grassland grasshoppers and their occurence anddamageFrom the view point of regional and ecogeographical distribution the rulesof 144 species of grasshoppers in Xingjiang region were analysed by Chen Yong-lin. The fauna of Genus Angaracris as well as the composition of acridoideafauna and its regional distribution in Inner Mongolia were reported by Li Hong-chang et al (1981, 1990).II. Research on the ecology of grasshoppers on grasslandThere are great advances in recent years. Four titles can be introduced as fo-llows: (I) Population dynamics: There are more research works but only on Cho-rthippus dubius such as, the relationship between population dynamics of Ch. du-bius and the climate by Wang Zhi xiang (1987). (II) Nutritional ecology: LiHong-chang et al (1981, 1983) presented a series of papers i. e., food selectionby dominant acridoids and their influencing factors, and functional adaptationbetween the structure of mouth-parts and feeding behaviour as well as food co-nsumption and utilization by three species of acridoids. (III) Structure and succe-ssion of grasshopper community: Kang Le et al (1990) analysed the structure andits rule of succession for grasshopper community under influences by differentgrazing activities in three types of vegetation. (IV) Energy ecology: Only QiuXing-hui et al(1990) obtained the conclusion of dynamics of natural populationenergy flow for C. dubius in three different plant communities. III. Control of grasshoppers on grassland(I) Determination of the economic threshold: Ar Si-long (1988) suggestedout that 10--12 individuals of g. asshopper per meter square, or 1 kg of freshforage consumed per day each mu can be regarded as the ET for grasshoppers inKorqing steppe area. But determing the ET with data of feeding behaviour, foodconsumption, forage cut-off damage combined with population dynamics only byLi Hong-chang et al. Such as the ET of Ch. dubius and as well complex as alsodynamics of poly-population for grasshoppers are being researched in recent years.(II) Control measures of grasshopper on grassland: 1. Qiu Shi-bang (1962) rese-arched on the relationship between distribution rule, activities of grasshopper andvegetation pattern in order to change the environment to control them; 2. Chem-ical control: Up to now there are many development in use of insecticide, i. e.the pyrethroids more adopted for use to control of grasshoppers. 3. Biologicalcontrol: It was successful that the grasshoppers were controled by grazing withchicken in Xinjiang area in 1981, and with Nosema, introduced into our countryby Yan Yu-hua from America, have obtained woundful success.
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