Flowering and morphological characterization of Dendrocalamus asper androecium and pollen grains |
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Authors: | Priscila Fernandes De Souza Cristina M Ribas Dos Santos Joseph Ree Miguel Pedro Guerra Rosete Pescador |
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Institution: | 1. Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, Brazil souza.fernandes.p@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-4552;3. Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, Brazil;4. Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, Brazil;5. Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, Brazil;6. Natural and Agricultural Ecossystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Curitibanos, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Abstract Little is known about the reproduction of Dendrocalamus asper because it flowers only every 100 to 120 years. In the present work we describe some reproductive features of this bamboo and characterise flowers and pollen at various developmental stages. Number of pollen grains and ovules per flower, pollen/ovule ratio, in vitro twinning and pollen grain viability in vivo were evaluated and the different stages of floral development identified. Further, we performed a morphological analysis of androecium and pollen development. Seven distinct stages of flower development were identified; four initial stages, a pre-anthetic stage, and two stages of anthetic. Dendrocalamus asper pseudospikelets avoid inbreeding by means of protogyny. The floral and pollen characteristics suggest that the species is anemophilous. The ultrastructural characteristics of free microspores (stage two of floral development), vacuolated microspores (stage five) and mature pollen (anthetic) were analysed. During maturation, pollen grains accumulate larger and more numerous amyloplasts and organelles such as mitochondria. Pollen disperse in the tricellular development stage. Pollen is monoporate with an operculum-like pore, with a rugulate structure and a spinose tectum. |
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Keywords: | bamboo wind-pollination microgametogenesis reproductive biology |
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