昆虫共生细菌研究进展

昆虫体内定殖着大量微生物,经过漫长协同进化,昆虫与这些微生物构建了共生体系,这些昆虫共生微生物参与整个生态过程,对于生态系统中物质转化与交换、能量流动与利用、信息传递与调控等均发挥着重要作用。昆虫共生细菌具有丰富的物种多样性;昆虫与其共生细菌之间通过化学机制、生理机制、生态学机制和遗传学机制构建复杂的共生体系;昆虫为细菌提供稳定的生境并共享特定的代谢途径,共生细菌则协助宿主营养代谢,提供食物中缺乏的养分,促进昆虫生长和繁殖;通过分泌抗菌肽、毒素等,细菌能增强昆虫对寄生物的防御能力和抗病性,并通过调节昆虫对非生物因子的抗逆性和耐药性,扩大昆虫的生态位。昆虫共生细菌在农林牧渔业可持续安全生产与医药研发等领域具有应用潜力和广阔的发展前景。

Recent advances in the study of insect symbiotic bacteria

There are a large number of bacteria colonized within the body of insects, which forms symbiotic systems between insects and these bacteria after a long cooperative coevolution, and the symbiotic systems play an important roles in the whole process of ecology, substance conversion and exchange, the energy flow and use, message transmission and regulation in ecosystems. Insect symbiotic bacteria(ISB) are rich in species diversity; insects and their symbiotic bacteria form symbiosis through chemical, physiological, ecological, and genetic mechanisms. Insects provide stable habitats for bacteria and share specific metabolic pathways; bacteria provide nutrients lacking in food and promote insect growth and reproduction by assisting host nutrient metabolism.ISB secrete antimicrobial peptides, toxins and other substances to enhance insect defense against exogenous parasites and disease resistance, and expand possible niche by adjusting insect resistance to non-biological factors and tolerance to pesticides. It is considered that these ISB have broad application potential and development prospect in the safety and sustainable production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and medicine.