近年来中国热带地区外来有害昆虫的种类特征及入侵分析

我国热带地区是外来入侵物种发生与危害的重灾区,近年来外来有害昆虫入侵所引发的生物灾害及生态安全问题日趋严峻。在海南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、云南省、福建省外来入侵昆虫的调查结果及文献资料的基础上,整理分析了中国热带地区外来入侵昆虫的种类构成、分布、原产地及首次发现地。据统计,2000-2014年我国热带地区的外来入侵昆虫种类共计23种,隶属于6目11科,数量最多的为半翅目(13种,56.52%),其中以粉蚧科和粉虱科居多;热带地区的外来入侵昆虫在不同地区之间的物种数量差异较大,其中海南省最多(19种,82.61%),其后依次为广东省(16种,69.57%)、云南省(14种,60.87%)、广西壮族自治区(12种,52.17%),而福建省最少(9种,占39.13%);在入侵我国热带地区的外来有害昆虫中,原产于亚洲、北美洲的种类最多均为6种,占26.09%,南美洲占21.74%,而从非洲、大洋洲、欧洲传入的分别占8.70%、4.35%、4.35%;外来入侵昆虫的首次发现地位于广东省的有9种,占39.13%,出现在海南省和云南省的各占30.43%、21.74%,出现在广西壮族自治区的为8.70%。阐明我国热带地区外来有害昆虫的种类特征及入侵现状,可为该地区外来入侵昆虫的监测与防控提供一定的依据。

Species characteristics and invasion status of major alien harmful insects in the tropic area of China since 2000

The tropic area is one of the most serious areas where alien species invaded and occurred in China. The biological disaster and ecological safety caused by alien invasive insect are becoming increasingly serious. Species characteristics, geographic distribution, origin and firstly detection location of alien invasive insects in Hainan Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, Fujian Province of China were summarized and analyzed through field investigations and relevant literatures. According to the statistics, a total of 23 alien invasive insect species causing some damage were found in the tropic area of China form 2000 to 2014. These species belonged to 6 orders 11 families. Hemiptera accounting for 56.52% represented the largest proportion of invasive insect species. The geographic distribution of alien invasive insects in the tropic area of China indicated a significant variation among territories. Most alien invasive insects (82.61%) were appeared in Hainan Province, 69.57% in Guangdong Province, 60.87% in Yunnan Province, 52.17% in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and 39.13% in Fujian Province. Of the alien invasive insects in the tropic area of China, 26.09% originated from Asian and North America. There were 21.74% coming from South America, 8.70% form Africa, and only 4.35% from Oceania and Europe. Most alien invasive insects (39.13%) were first found in Guangdong Province, 30.43% in Hainan Province, 21.74% in Yunnan Province, and 8.70% in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The species characteristics and invasion status of major alien harmful insects support the need for monitoring and control strategies in the tropic area of China.