中蜂的传粉作用研究

蜜蜂授粉在维持自然生态系统的平衡与发展过程中发挥着重要作用，也与农业生态系统中农作物的增产及品质提升有着密切联系。中蜂（中华蜜蜂 Apis cerana cerana）是我国特有的蜜蜂遗传资源，广泛分布于除新疆以外的华南、中南、西南、西北、华北及东北等地区，野生资源丰富、民间饲养基础好，种群数量大，是本土开花植物的重要传粉昆虫，但其传粉作用未受到足够重视，中蜂传粉产业化发展进程缓慢。本文主要综述了中蜂的传粉生物学特性，中蜂传粉作用对农作物产量和品质的影响以及其生态学意义，并结合当前中蜂传粉产业发展过程中存在的一些主要问题，对中蜂传粉产业的发展方向进行了展望，旨在进一步促进中蜂传粉作用在其应用领域得到最佳效益，为推动中蜂传粉在我国农林业生产和特定生态系统保护等方面的应用提供参考。

Progress in pollination by Apis cerana cerana

Honeybee pollination is a very important link in natural ecosystem, and it is also a key step related with the yield and quality improvement of crops in agricultural ecosystem. Apis cerana cerana is the most important insect-pollinators of flowering plants in China, and it is widely distributed in China except Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A. cerana cerana has the comparative advantage of wide distribution, good foundation for artificial breeding, and great population amount, therefore as pollination insect can be widely used and has a great development potentiality. Yet the pollination by A. cerana cerana has not been paid enough attention, and the industrialization development of bee pollination industry of A. cerana cerana is slow. In this paper, we mainly summarized the main pollination features of A. cerana cerana as insect-pollinators, the effects of pollination by A. cerana cerana on yield and quality of crops, and the ecological meaning of pollination by A. cerana cerana. Furthermore, this paper was also put forward the main problems in development of the bee pollination industry of A. cerana cerana in China, and the future research focuses were discussed. All these efforts would be helpful for conservation and further utilization of A. cerana cerana, and widely used in local agricultural production and natural ecosystem protection as the key insect-pollinators.