《名古屋议定书》获取与惠益分享制度对传统生物防治研究的影响与对策

为了保证公平和公正地分享利用遗传资源所产生的惠益,研究和开发中使用的遗传资源必须按照《名古屋议定书》中规定的获取与惠益分享制度进行收集和利用.截至2020年7月,该议定书的缔约方中已有67个国家制定了相关立法,另有57个国家正在制定法律,行政或政策措施.传统生物防治通常是从有害生物的原产地或自然分布区引进天敌资源,用于可持续防治外来入侵有害生物.本文基于履约现状与挑战,分析了获取与惠益分享制度对于传统生物防治研究的影响,并以国际应用生物科学中心为例介绍了获取与惠益分享政策和最佳做法以及履约实践与对策,以期为我国从事传统生物防治研究的机构和科研人员遵守并执行《名古屋议定书》提供参考.

The effects of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing towards classical biological control and proposed solutions

In order to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation, genetic resources used in research and development must be collected and utilised in compliance with the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). By July 2020, 67 countries had legislation in place with an additional 57 designing their Legislative, Administrative or Policy Measures having become Party to the Protocol. Classical biological control always involves introduction of a biological control agent from a pest''s area of origin or naturally distributed, to sustainably control the invasive alien pest in invaded area. This paper analyses the effects of ABS on classical biological control and outlines CAB International''s ABS policy and best practices, its implementation experiences and proposed solutions as an example approach. It is considered that the present study will provide a valuable reference for Chinese research institutions and individuals in the field of classical biological control research for compliance with Nagoya Protocol.