家用调料植物粗提物防治小菜蛾的研究

以安全性和简易性为前提的庭园害虫防治成为休闲生活不可或缺的技术。本文以花椒Zanthoxylum bungeamtm、八角茴香lUicium veturn、辣椒Capsicum frutescens等日用品为材料，研究了不同种类、浓度和作用时间对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella这一重要庭园害虫的拒食、触杀及产卵忌避效果。拒食试验表明，供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著拒食作用，拒食率从大到小依次为八角茴香（0．94）、花椒（0．86）、辣椒（0．76）；拒食率随处理时问长短变化的差异不显著，但随提取液浓度的升高而升高。触杀试验表明，供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著触杀作用，24h内死亡率从大到小依次为花椒（45．6％）、八角茴香（35．6％）、辣椒（23．3％），均显著高于对照处理的1．1％；触杀死亡率随虫龄的增加而降低。产卵忌避试验表明，3种植物对小菜蛾成虫产卵忌避作用由大到小依次为辣椒、八角茴香、花椒。综合本研究所得结果来看，八角茴香对小菜蛾的控制效果最好。所选材料容易获得，对小菜蛾忌避作用明显，在庭园小菜蛾防治中具有潜在的应用价值。

Study on control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella with extract of home-use aromatic plants

It is necessary for gardeners to master safe and simple methods for insect pest management. We tested the antifeedant rate, contact toxicity and oviposition deterrent effects on the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella by using commercial dry fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Zb) , Illicium verum (Iv) and fresh fruits of Capsicum frutescens (Cf) as botanical pesticides. The results showed that antifeedant rate of 3~(rd) larva instar was 0. 94, 0. 86 and 0. 76 when the cabbage leaves treated with Iv, Zb and Cf extracts, respectively. Antifeedant rate of 3~(rd) instar larva was increased as extracts condensed. Feeding time showed no significant influence on their antifeedant rate, Mortality of 3~(rd) larva instar was 45. 6% , 35. 6% and 23. 3% when exposing the insects to cabbage leaves which treated with Zb, IV and Cf extracts, respectively, much higher than that of control. Effects of test extracts on oviposition deterrent of the diamondback moth were studied. Illicium verum was more effective for controlling the diamondback moth. Our study may be useful for controlling the diamondback moth with self-made plant extract in garden.