无脊椎动物乙酰胆碱酯酶研究进展

乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)是生物体中一种十分重要的神经递质水解酶,也是有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的作用靶标。AChE在不同生物中的性质显著不同,如编码基因个数、序列保守性、表达分布及生理功能等。作为杀虫剂的主要作用靶标之一,AChE不但可以通过单个点突变引起昆虫抗药性,还能够通过多个点突变联合作用、靶标表达量变化及基因复制等方式引起抗药性并且改变昆虫的适合度代价。本文主要从AChE的基因类型、分子进化、蛋白结构、生理功能、与昆虫的抗药性关系、同一物种中不同AChE的性质等6个方面对昆虫纲、蛛形纲和线虫等无脊椎动物AChE的研究进展作一综述。

Advances in the research on invertebrate acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase is an important neurotransmitter hydrolase in invertebrate and vertebrate, and also is the target of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.Properties of different organism AChE are significantly different, such as the number of encoding gene, sequence conservation, expression distribution and physiological functions.As a dominating target of insecticide, AChE can evolve through amino acid single mutation, combine mutations, expression level and gene duplication result in insect resistance to insecticide and reduce insect fitness cost.This review introduced the research status of insecta, arachnoidea and nematode AChE, including the genotype, molecular evolution, protein structure, physiological function, relationship with insect resistance and different properties of AChEs in one organism.