丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的生物学及其滞育调控机制研究进展

丽蝇蛹集金小蜂可以蛹外寄生多种双翅目蝇科害虫,在防治卫生害虫及牲畜害虫方面效果显著。该蜂是实验室内研究寄生蜂的理想模式昆虫,其发育学、行为学、生态学以及遗传学等的研究已有70多年的历史,近年来,随着金小蜂基因组测序的完成,系统的RNAi方法和CRISPR-Cas9技术在丽蝇蛹集金小蜂中的成功应用,该蜂现已成为优良的新型遗传学研究模式昆虫。丽蝇蛹集金小蜂以末龄幼虫进行兼性滞育,其滞育由母代经历的短光照和低温决定,研究该蜂的滞育,不仅有助于揭示昆虫滞育的分子机制,也可帮助解决有益昆虫实际应用中的贮存、运输和适时防治等问题,为提高天敌昆虫的应用效果提供技术支撑。本文总结了近年来丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的研究文献,主要介绍了该蜂的基本生物学特征,概括了现代分子生物学前沿技术在金小蜂研究中的应用情况,并重点讨论了丽蝇蛹集金小蜂滞育的最新研究进展,以期为深入金小蜂的滞育研究和促进该蜂其他研究领域的发展提供参考。

Research progress of biology and diapause regulation mechanism in the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis

The ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis could parasitize a variety of fly species in Diptera, and it has an important role in controlling sanitary pests and livestock pests. N. vitripennis is an ideal model insect for studying parasitic wasps in the laboratory. Researches on developmental, behavioral, ecological, and genetic of N. vitripennis have been conducted for more than 70 years. In recent years, N vitripennis has become a new module insect for studying insect genetics, with the completion of genome sequencing of it, and the successful application of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 technology in N. vitripennis. The parasitoid is capable of entering a facultative, final instar larval diapause, which programmed by short photoperiod and low temperature experienced by female. Knowledge on diapause of N. vitripennis could not only help to reveal the molecular mechanism of insect diapause, but also could contribute to the development of storage, distribution and timely application of beneficial insect, as well as suggest techniques for improving the application effect of natural enemy insects. In this review, we summarizes the research literatures of N. vitripennis in recent years. The basic biological characteristics of N. vitripennis was introduced. Application of advanced molecular biology techniques in the Nasonia research was also concluded. Most importantly, we discuss the latest progress of diapause in N. vitripennis. These results provide references for further studying diapause of parasitoids, and development of other research areas in N. vitripennis.