传粉蜂在设施农业中的应用及挑战

昆虫为植物传粉是自然生态系统中的重要环节，在农业和自然生态系统的平衡与调控方面发挥着重要作用。以蜜蜂、熊蜂为代表的传粉蜂因其高效传粉及可人工饲养的特点，已成为设施农业中的优势传粉昆虫。本文总结了传粉蜂在设施农业中的应用现状，并从温湿度、农药、重金属等非生物因素和蜂种、病原生物、天敌、蜜源植物等生物因素两大方面讨论了传粉蜂在应用中面临的诸多挑战。此外，本文初步探讨了植物病虫害对传粉昆虫传粉效率的影响，并对传粉蜂未来的研究和应用方向进行了展望，旨在推动实现传粉蜂在农业中的高效授粉功能，为农产品增产增效服务。

Applications and challenges of bee pollination in facility agriculture

Insect pollination is the important process in the natural ecosystem and plays as vital role in the balance and manipulation of the both agricultural and natural ecosystem. Known as their remarkable characteristics of high pollinating ability and adapted for artificial breeding, pollinating bees, include honeybee and bumblebee have been identified as dominant pollinators in facility agricultural system. We summarize the application progress of pollinating bees at present and discuss the various challenges once the pollinators may be faced in practical application from both biotic effectors(as bee species, pathogen, natural enemy, nutrition plant and etc.) and abiotic effectors(as temperature and humidity, pesticide, heavy metal and etc.). Furthermore, we preliminarily discuss the impacts of plant diseases and herbivores to the pollination efficiency by bees and indicate the necessary hotspots for both research and application in future. Our aim is to promote the realization of the efficient pollination function of bees in agriculture, and the yield increasing and quality improving of agricultural products.