深圳大鹏半岛主要河流底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

2013年5月对深圳大鹏半岛4条主要河流(葵涌河、王母河、鹏城河和东涌河)的大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查,并利用香农-维纳多样性指数和生物指数(BI)对河流水质进行了生物学评价。在大鹏半岛主要河流的15个样点共采获大型底栖动物35种,隶属3门7纲21科,其中水生昆虫26种,约占底栖动物种类数的74%。但底栖动物的种类组成与分布极不均匀,EPT(蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目)等对水质变化较敏感的类群主要分布于葵涌河的源头及受人为干扰活动较少的东涌河,而耐污能力较强的摇蚊科幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和颤蚓等则为葵涌河中、下游样点、王母河和鹏城河的优势物种。生物指数(BI)相较于香农-维纳多样性指数,更适用于水质评价。结果显示,除葵涌河源头、鹏城河和东涌河样点的水质处于清洁至轻污染外,其余大部分样点处于中污染至重污染状态。推测大鹏半岛的王母河及葵涌河中、下游河段的生活污水及工业废水已对底栖动物的群落结构与河流水质造成了一定的影响。

Macroinvertebrate community structures and bio-assessment of water quality of main rivers in Dapeng Peninsula,Shenzhen City

The macroinvertebrate community structures were investigated in four main rivers(Kuichong River,Wangmu River,Pengcheng River and Dongchong River)of Dapeng Peninsula,Shenzhen in May,2013,and bioassessment of water quality was assessed based on Shannon-Weiner Index and Biotic Index methods.A total of 35 species,belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes and 21 families were identified in 15 sampling sites during the investigation.Among them,26 species of aquatic insects which was accounting for 74%of total macroinvertebrate species.However,the species composition and distribution of macroinvertebrate in these four rivers were extremely uneven.The EPT taxa and other groups which were sensitive to changes in water quality mainly distributed in the headwater of Kuichong River and Dongchong River where was less disturbed by human activities.While the chironomid larvae,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex sp.are dominant species of macroinvertebrates of Wangmu River,Pengcheng River and the middle and downstream of Kuichong River.Biological index(BI)is more suitable for water quality assessment than Shannon-Weiner diversity index.The results showed that the water qualities of most sampling sites are in the state of medium to heavy pollution except for the sites of headwater of Kuichong,Pengcheng and Dongchong River which are in the state of clean to light pollution.The results suggest that the macroinvertebrate community structures and water quality in Wangmu River and the middle and downstream of Kuichong River have affected by domestic sewage and industrial waste water in Dapeng Peninsula.