昆虫拟态的历史发展

昆虫的拟态理论是由英国自然学家Bates于1862年提出的,Fisher称其为"达尔文后自然选择最重要的依据之一".大量的科学研究表明,昆虫的拟态行为最晚出现在石炭纪,自那时起昆虫与捕食者、昆虫与植物之间开始出现了共同的演变和进化.拟态的模仿方式一般包括颜色、花纹以及形态,但是也可以单指行为方面,且拟态大部分情况下可能模仿的是一个动物群体或者只是另外一种动物身上的一部分.拟态包括多种定义,不同的定义之间用小同的标准来区分拟态现象和非拟态现象,如贝茨氏拟态、缪勒氏拟态、侵略性拟态和瓦曼氏拟态等.本文从其中广义拟态的角度,对当前不同类群昆虫化石中拟态现象的研究进展进行了简要总结.

The historical development of insect mimicry

Mimics theory among insects was first proposed by Bates in 1862, which is called "the greatest post-Darwinian application of Nature Selection. " by Fisher. Researches showed that the insect mimicry appeared not late than Carboniferous. And the co-evolution started among insects, predators and plants. The resemblance usually is in color, pattern, or form, but it can be solely behavioral, and the mimic occasionally may resemble a group of animals or only aspect of another animal. There are various definitions of mimicry, each uses different criteria to distinguish mimetic from non-mimics phenomena, for example, Batesian mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, Aggressive mimicry, and Wasmannian mimicry. In this paper, we made a simple summary about the recent research of fossil insect mimicry phenomenon based on the broadly mimics, including hidden-color, warning color and the crypsis.