人类文明演化的生态观

自从地球上出现生命以后 ,生命就与环境构成了复杂庞大的生态系统。人类的出现使得生态系统日益复杂化 ,纯粹的天然系统逐渐被打上了人类活动的烙印 ,人类根据自身的需要 ,不断地改变原有的纯自然的生态平衡 ,创造出更适合人类生存、生活和生产的人工生态系统 ,达到新的平衡 ,不断建造了人类文明 ,因此 ,人类文明史实际上是一部人与自然环境、社会环境及心理环境竞争与共生、改造与适应的生态史。1　农业文明的兴衰在旧石器时代末 ,地球上人口总数不到 30 0万 ,到中石器时代也只有 1 0 0 0万 ,这一时期 ,人类还仅仅是自然生态系统食物网中的…

On Succession of Human Civilization from Ecological View

The occurrence, development, flourish and decline of agricultural and industrial civilization were analyzed on the basis of ecological principles. The agricultural civilization, an early civilization of human beings, occurred in catchment basin of large rivers and lakes with perfect ecosystems. The development and flourish of agricultural civilization resulted from human simple recognition and primary utilization of ecosystem. Its decline resulted from deterioration of local ecosystem. The industrial civilization has greatly increased productivity and raised the living standards. However, the environmental pollution caused by industrial civilization has made global ecosystem face crash. The sustainable development is accelerating emergence of ecological consciousness and deepening research of modern ecology. These indicate that the third leap in succession history of human civilization will become true and the ecological civilization will be certainly tendency of human civilization. The main characteristics of ecological civilization are the integration of nature and human beings, the integral harmony, recycle and regeneration, high-efficiency, mutualism and sustainable development